The Impact of Grassroots Climate Advocacy on Policy in the UK: 2014-2024
The UK has a long history of protesting and until recently the climate movement held a large presence in this space. The enactment of the Public Order Bill in 2023 allowed for a government crackdown on protests. In semi-structured interviews with advocates, interviewees voiced their frustrations with this repression. Members of Parliament (MPs) also noticed the decline in protest. In addition, advocates spoke of strategies their groups were employing to work around this new normal, including building up a network of people from constituencies all over the country and empowering them to connect with their local MP and focusing more on local change through their cities councils and neighborhoods. MPs discussed methods of communication and the preferred ways for constituents to voice opinions on climate policy, specifically suggesting direct, in-person conversations. The advocacy space in the UK is still in the process of adapting to new challenges, but advocates remain committed to attaining their goals. These qualitative insights are reinforced by quantitative analysis of protest trends using ACLED data from 2020-2024. The data shows a clear multi-year decline in climate protest across the UK, particularly between 2022 and 2023. Using a synthetic control method to estimate a counterfactual trajectory, the results suggest that the Public Order Act’s enactment in May of 2023 resulted in the unexpected drop of climate protest. GIS mapping further reveals that climate protest remains concentrated in populous urban areas, while not strongly overlapping with MP climate policy support. Findings suggest that while grassroots climate advocacy remains active at lower rates, its direct impact on policy is constrained by institutional dynamics, communication barriers, and shifting legal contexts. Effective policy influence from climate advocacy groups depends on local level action, mobilizing supporters, and prioritizing direct, in-person communication with MPs.
Samantha Harman (EJ)
Kassie Maraz (EJ)
Sarah Meadows (EPP)
Paula Perez Cassidy (EJ)