
Development of a reasoned approach to chloride reduction in Michigan’s surface waters
Chloride concentrations in United States lakes have steadily risen over the past several decades as a result of anthropogenic activity, including increased urbanization and its associated chloride discharge.1 Among those waters affected are the Great Lakes, two of which are currently at record chloride levels, and the other three are experiencing increases.2 This is problematic because chloride can have significant harmful effects on aquatic life. Due to the potential harmful effects chloride has on aquatic life, Michigan’s Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) recently developed water quality values (WQV) for chloride. These were developed to reduce overall concentrations in Michigan's surface waters. All surface water systems in the state of Michigan eventually drain into the Great Lakes Basin. While the EPA has set general criteria for chloride concentration levels on a national scale, Michigan has implemented even more conservative values for their surface waters as a means of protecting local aquatic animal and plant life. Through our partnership with Michigan’s Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE), we developed a comprehensive statewide assessment of both point and nonpoint source contributions of chloride and generated sector-specific strategies for reducing chloride concentrations in Michigan’s surface waters.
Daniela Tapia Pitzzu, Michael Harrington, Meghan Williamsen