This course employs a geographical and political ecology lens to examine conflicts (broadly defined) between people and institutions over natural resources in both the Global North and the Global South. The course will first review the literature on political ecology as an explanatory framework, tracing its intellectual genealogy and outlining current approaches and perspectives in this subfield. Next, we will critique traditional approaches to studying natural resource conflicts. The remainder of the course will rely on theoretical and empirical studies, which help to unveil the complexities associated with conflict environments. Seven specific themes will be addressed in two parts. The first part concentrates on political-ecological approaches to the study of environmental commodities and (violent) conflict. The second part of the course delves deeper into the social and political aspects of environmental disputes. In contrast, the third part examines future and emerging areas of engagement with political ecology.